AMÉRICO CASTRO AND THE HISTORY OF SPAIN is a work that rethinks the ideas of the Spanish historian and philologist Américo Castro Quesada (1885-1972) and his school, highlighting their influence on Spanish intellectual thought during the exile. The essay places Castro within a historical and anthropological context, moving away from the controversy over Spain’s identity to focus on the epistemological influences of his time, especially from Germany and France. Through a critical and deep interpretation of the historical narrative of Spanish identity, from Al-Ándalus to Erasmus, the book revisits Castro’s work and legacy with new unpublished materials, proposing a new way to understand the history of Spain through anthropology, cultural philosophy, and contemporary historiography. It also questions to what extent the Castro school can help unravel debates surrounding historical memory and postcolonialism.