Historia Urologiae Europaeae series is addressed to all European urologists. Its aim is to make known the ideas and the work of our predecessors, and to help us understand the current trends in the development of our specialty.

The 10th volume of De Historia Urologiae Europaeae introduces the origins of urology in Belarus. It also looks into the contribution of female practitioners to the development of European urology. Some of the more curious articles discuss the “proof of paternity” in various cultures and times, and the development and the role of castration techniques over the centuries.