Historia Urologiae Europaeae series is addressed to all European urologists. Its aim is to make known the ideas and the work of our predecessors, and to help us understand the current trends in the development of our specialty.

The 12th volume of De Historia Urologiae Europaeae covers the history of urology Latvia and Syria amongst other countries. Other articles are dedicated to a wide range of subject matter: from the role of chocolate in the treatment of impotence in the baroque literature to “paleoandrological” items of the earliest religious architecture.