Socio-Legal Models and Enforcement:

• This refers to legal frameworks and how they are enforced.
• Includes the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its recommendations.
• Also involves non-governmental bodies and health and safety standards.

Organizational Structures and Leadership:

• Describes how companies are organized and led.
• Emphasizes consultation and fostering a health and safety culture.
• Differentiates between traditional and proactive safety management.

Risk Perception and Human Reliability:

• Understanding risk perception and factors affecting human reliability.
• Developing competence through training, information, and supervision.

Hazard Identification and Risk Management:

• Techniques for identifying workplace hazards.
• Strategies for managing health and safety risks.

Loss Causation and Data Analysis:

• Investigating the causes of incidents and accidents.
  Quantitative analysis of safety-related data.

Professional Skills and Societal Factors:

• Developing skills relevant to health and safety.
• Considering societal factors, corporate social responsibility, and organizational change.
• Addressing contractors and supply chains.