The 1810 census of Virginia is the earliest extant federal census of the state and thus a cornerstone in genealogical research. Earlier enumerations are mere reconstructions, adapted from tax lists or incomplete state enumerations. Unlike these, the 1810 Virginia census is not representational but is a nearly complete record of the inhabitants of Virginia, and for many researchers it marks the true starting point for genealogical research.

This Index to the 1810 Census of Virginia is a model reference work. The index itself, of course, consists of an alphabetical list of the heads of households in the 1810 federal census of Virginia–85,000 persons–with tabular entries showing county of residence and the page number of the census schedule. In addition, this work contains an informative Introduction, which sets forth a statement of methodology, suggestions for the researcher in dealing with irregular spellings and transcriptions, and a description of the contents of the original census returns. Following the Introduction are two tables that further describe the mechanics of the index and supply information that might prove useful to the researcher.

Note: Enumerations of the following counties are missing: Cabell, Grayson, Greenbrier, Halifax, Hardy, Henry, James City, King William, Lee, Louisa, Mecklenburg, Nansemond, Northampton, Orange, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Russell, and Tazewell.